How to Write a CV for the European Job Market

Job application conventions vary significantly across Europe. What works in Germany can actually hurt you in France. Understanding these differences can be the difference between landing an interview or being ignored.

Germany: The Lebenslauf

German CVs (Lebenslauf) traditionally include a professional photo, date of birth, and a signed declaration of accuracy. Gaps must be explained. Europass format is acceptable but not preferred. Cover letters (Motivationsschreiben) are expected and taken seriously.

United Kingdom: Clean and Concise

UK CVs should be maximum two pages, no photo, no personal details beyond name and contact. Bullet points over paragraphs. "Personal statement" at the top is common. Quantify achievements wherever possible.

Netherlands: Direct and Results-Focused

Dutch employers value directness. CVs should highlight measurable achievements. Photos are optional and becoming less common. LinkedIn matters hugely in the Netherlands — many recruiters check before reading the CV.

France: Formal and Detailed

French CVs (curriculum vitae) are typically one page for junior roles, two for experienced. A professional photo is still common. Cover letters (lettre de motivation) are expected for most applications.

Spain: Europass is Standard

Spanish employers often request Europass format. Include all education, language certifications, and references. Chronological format is standard. Spanish language proficiency is critical for most non-tech roles.